Studi Simulasi Konseptual Kinerja Filter Koaleser Berbasis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) untuk Pemisahan Biodiesel-Air
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52759/reactor.v7i1.82Keywords:
Biodiesel, Coalescer Filter, OPEFB, Water SeparationAbstract
This study aims to theoretically evaluate the performance of a liquid-liquid (biodiesel-water) separation system using an Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB)-based coalescer filter through a conceptual computational simulation approach. The separation design evaluation was conducted using SuperPro Designer software in batch operation mode with key operating conditions set at a temperature of 60°C. The modelling covered the entire stages, starting from the transesterification reactor, water washing, to the final separation in the coalescer filter unit (P-5). The equipment's performance was evaluated based on the mass fraction profile of the final product compared to the waste stream content. The simulation model projected that the OPEFB coalescer filter shows potential to operate as a heavy and light phase separator based on ideal thermodynamic assumptions. The conceptual product stream composition was dominated by Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) approaching 100% (>99.99%), with a theoretical water separation efficiency reaching 99.989%, while water, methanol, glycerol, and residual catalyst were comprehensively isolated into the heavy phase (waste) stream. It must be explicitly noted that this is a preliminary simulation study; no physical OPEFB coalescer has been fabricated or experimentally tested, and no analytical confirmation of the critical biodiesel-quality parameters has been conducted. The design of the OPEFB coalescer filter is theoretically feasible in separating post-washing biodiesel-water emulsions, highlighting the necessity to proceed to the physical fabrication and empirical testing stages for actual process validation.
Downloads
References
N. Rachmadona, F. S. Nurrusyda, H. A. Sumeru, H. D. Kusuma, and D. A. S. L. A. Dewi, “Produksi Biodiesel dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dengan Menggunakan Lipase dan Etanol Konsentrasi Rendah,” vol. 2, no. 1, Desember 2023.
A. A. Budiman and S. Samik, “Review Artikel : Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Dengan Metode Transesterifikasi Menggunakan Katalis”, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 36-48, Mei 2023.
S. S. Wirawan, M. D. Solikhah, H. Setiapraja, and A. Sugiyono, “Biodiesel implementation in Indonesia: Experiences and future perspectives,” Jan. 01, 2024, Elsevier Ltd. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113911.
B. Herianto, W. Febrina, S. Indrawan, and W. Fitriana, “Pengoptimalan Proses Pemurnian Biodiesel Pada Unit Refinery PT. X,” Jurnal Unitek, vol. 16, no. 2, 2023.
L. Mandalini, D. Stivano, D. Nirmala, and A. Akbar, “Rancang Bangun Prototype Dekanter dengan Sistem Elektrokoagulasi untuk Proses Pemisahan Gliserol dalam Crude Biodiesel,” Jurnal Serambi Engineering, vol. 11, no. 1, 2026.
A. Pamungkas, M. D. Solikhah, F. T. Pratiwi, Romelan, Matheofani, and S. S. Wirawan, “Investigation of Biodiesel Stability under Vacuum Heating Process,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1187/1/012017.
A. K. Paminto, M. Karuniasa, and E. Frimawaty, “Optimization of palm oil biodiesel production: Environmental impact analysis and POME waste utilization,” Applied Environmental Science, vol. 2, no. 1, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.61511/aes.v2i1.2024.820.
N. Azura, T. Prakoso, and M. Pratiwi, “Purification Optimization of Biodiesel Derived from Glyceroxide-Catalyzed Transesterification,” Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 74, Jan. 2026, doi: https://doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v9i2.113221.
X. Wu, Y. Wang, C. Li, L. Liu, X. Li, and C. Chang, “Multi-Layer Filter Material with a Superoleophobic Pore Size Gradient for the Coalescence Separation of Surfactant-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Emulsions,” Processes, vol. 13, no. 5, May 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051600.
J. Daglish et al., “A Coalescing Filter for Liquid-Liquid Separation and Multistage Extraction in Continuous-Flow Chemistry,” Org. Process Res. Dev., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1979–1989, May 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00012.
S. M. Ajayi et al., “Hydrophobic modification of cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch: Characterization and application in Pickering emulsions stabilization,” Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications, vol. 5, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100282.
P. Meilina, N. H. Haryanti, and T. N. Manik, “Studi Alkalisasi Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Penguat Komposit Material Akustik.,” Jurnal Natural Scientiae, vol. 4, no. 1, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.20527/jns.v4i1.12565.
A. Krasiński, S. Kamocki, and M. Stor, “Blocking of Gas–Liquid Coalescing Filters with Accumulated Oil during the On–Off Operation of a Filtration System,” Applied Sciences (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 19, Oct. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/app14199006.
M. Lippi, L. Riva, M. Caruso, and C. Punta, “Cellulose for the Production of Air-Filtering Systems: A Critical Review,” 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030976.
F. Dimawarnita, Y. Faramitha, H. T. Prakoso, I. Puspitasari, D. N. Kalbuadi, and D. Prasetyo, “Characterization of cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches by fast delignification process with different solvents,” E-Journal Menara Perkebunan, vol. 91, no. 2, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v91i2.542.
Y. Guo, Z. Guo, and W. Liu, “Bionic multifunctional fibrous materials for efficient oil/water separation,” Jul. 01, 2023, John Wiley and Sons Inc. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dro2.75.
A. Karimah et al., “A review on natural fibers for development of eco-friendly bio-composite: characteristics, and utilizations,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.06.014.
C. Gozal et al., “Valorization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) for Bioethanol Production in Indonesia,” Biosaintifika, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 508–517, Dec. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v16i3.12099.
R. T. Setiadi and N. P. Miefthawati, “Potential Analysis of Used Cooking Oil as Raw Material for Biodiesel Production in Pekanbaru City Analisis Potensi Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Bahan Baku Produksi Biodiesel di Kota Pekanbaru,” IJEERE: Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Renewable Energy, vol. 3, pp. 70–79, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.57152/ijeere.v3i1.
S. N. Gebremariam and J. M. Marchetti, “Process simulation and techno-economic performance evaluation of alternative technologies for biodiesel production from low value non-edible oil,” Biomass Bioenergy, vol. 149, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106102
S. U. Patel, P. S. Kulkarni, S. U. Patel, and G. G. Chase, “Glass fiber coalescing filter media augmented with polymeric submicron fibers and modified with angled drainage channels,” Sep. Purif. Technol., vol. 120, pp. 230–238, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2013.10.003.
Q. Han and Y. Kang, “Separation of water-in-oil emulsion with microfiber glass coalescing bed,” J. Dispers. Sci. Technol., vol. 38, no. 11, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01932691.2016.1259073
